With members all over the world and more than $7.5 billion in assets, Redstone is now one of the 25 largest federal credit unions in the country. Today, a $5 deposit is still all that’s required to join Redstone. We’ve grown considerably over the years, but our unwavering commitment to our members has allowed us to stay grounded in what ... Apr 14, 2021 · For the soil resistome, although DDR was significant (P < 0.001) for both the entire resistome (Fig. 4) and the dominant ARG class (Fig. S9), the effect sizes were remarkably small (R 2 < 0.1 ...Mar 10, 2024 · A possible explanation for the changes in the resistome profiles between the surface water and sedimentary microbiomes is related to the fact that the resistance genes are carried by bacteria and a shift in bacteria community assemblages potentially resulted in a significant shift in the resistance genes profiles. Furthermore, due to the ...Abstract. The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability of pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array of antibiotic resistance …Sep 13, 2023 · These findings suggested that the shift in bacterial community might lead to the changes in soil resistome, which aligned with the impact of manure amendment on soil resistome (Gu et al. 2021). However, reports on the bacterial communities and ARG profiles of the early stage and long-term FBW-amended …Feb 21, 2021 · The study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the resistome provide the basis for traditional approaches to combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification of naturally occurring antibiotic scaffolds, the development of adjuvant therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms, and the total synthesis of new antibiotics and the... Sign in to PayNearMe and select ‘Make a Payment’. Select the loan or account from the top dropdown and follow the prompts for payment. Pay by phone – Contact Redstone Federal Credit Union at 800-234-1234. Payments made by 5 p.m. CST on weekdays are applied to your account the same day; otherwise, payment is applied the next business day. This resistome is often seen as the main architect of ARG-carrying pathogens (APs), with their proliferation due to biotic co-contamination in the environment. Today, infections resulting from drug-resistant pathogens are responsible for nearly 700,000 deaths each year worldwide( O'Neill, 2016 ).Better interrogation of antimicrobial resistance requires new approaches to detect the associated genes in metagenomic samples. Targeted enrichment is an ideal …The health risks of antibiotic resistome and pathogens on microplastic. Health risks associated with the antibiotic resistome are closely linked to the presence of MGEs and pathogenic hosts (Zhang et al., 2022). In the present study, significantly higher concentrations of MGEs were observed in the MPs than in the surrounding water.Nov 26, 2023 · Antibiotic resistome was further illustrated in traditionally fermented food samples, and viable antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria were recovered and highly prevalent in retail kimchi and artisan cheeses assessed in this pilot screening. Identified AR isolates included pathogens of importance in nosocomial infections such as Klebsiella ...Jun 27, 2023 · Resistome composition was extracted when assessed by comparing total resistance gene abundance at baseline and following treatment as well as between placebo and treatment groups using dissimilarity matrices calculated by the Bray–Curtis . Relative abundance of antibiotic-specific genes following treatment …Background The resistome, the collection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a microbiome, is increasingly recognised as relevant to the development of …Sep 23, 2022 · Resistome analysis was performed on both full and rarefied data. Metagenome assemblies were compared using BLASTn against the CARD database with a cut-off of 80% identity and 70% coverage . Host ...The term “antibiotic resistome” was first coined in 2006 by Gerry Wright’s group, who defined the soil resistome as “resistance determinants present in the soil”, …May 18, 2020 · Determining the effect of wastewater treatment in water resistome is a topic of interest for water quality, mainly under re-use and One-Health perspectives. The resistome, the plasmidome, and the ...Sep 21, 2018 · Antibiotics and bacterial resistance. Antibiotics are the agents used commonly in the treatment and prevention of infections. Owing to their structure and degree of affinity to target sites, they are classified into Penicillin's, Cephalosporins, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Quinolones, Diaminopyrimidines, Polymyxin and Carbapenems (Sengupta et al., 2013; Bi et al ... 1 day ago · Let Redstone help guide you through the home loan process. We’ll help make the home buying process as simple as possible and match you with the mortgage that’s right for you. Plus, being a first time home buyer has its perks. Ask us about no down payment and no private mortgage insurance options available to qualified buyers. Feb 15, 2024 · In addition to the antibiotics that exert direct selective pressure on the soil resistome, many non-antibiotic chemicals such as heavy metals [15], disinfectants [21], [23], and artificial sweeteners [42] have been recently reported to be promoting the prevalence of ARGs in many ways, such as selecting ARGs with …Sep 27, 2019 · The dynamic changes in the resistome are likely a result of gut microbiota assembly, which is closely associated with diet transition in dairy calves. Modifications in the resistome may be ...Dec 22, 2023 · Characterizing microbiome and resistome profiles in hospital sewage is important for the surveillance of ARB and ARGs and the prevention of potential HAIs. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (SPHCC) is the unique 3A-grade specialized hospital for major infectious diseases (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2 ...Dec 20, 2019 · Detecting the resistome of an individual bacterium, a microbiome, and other environmental settings (sediment, hospitals, etc.) will aid in tracking the spread of resistance and monitoring the emergence of new resistance alleles associated with the use of antibiotics or other bioactive compounds (5,– 10). This information can guide antibiotic ...Background The resistome, the collection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a microbiome, is increasingly recognised as relevant to the development of …Feb 21, 2021 · The study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the resistome provide the basis for traditional approaches to combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification of naturally occurring antibiotic scaffolds, the development of adjuvant therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms, and the total synthesis of new antibiotics and the... Oct 28, 2009 · Resistance to tetracycline emerged soon after its discovery six decades ago. Extensive clinical and non-clinical uses of this class of antibiotic over the years have combined to select for a large number of resistant determinants, collectively termed the tetracycline resistome. In order to impart resistance, microbes use different molecular …The guts of urbanized people worldwide are known to contain less microbial biodiversity than those of humans living rurally. The worry is that the loss of key species contributes … The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and t … Abstract. The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability of pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array of antibiotic resistance …Dec 16, 2016 · Much of the data related to mutation-based stress resistance, however, is scattered through the academic literature, making it difficult to apply systematic analyses to this wealth of information. To address this issue, we introduce the Resistome database: a literature-curated collection of Escherichia coli genotypes-phenotypes containing over ...Jun 5, 2015 · 2. Methods to study the human gut resistome. Methodological approaches for the study of the resistome are outlined in figure 1 and are further discussed below. Notably, all current methods to describe the human gut resistome in terms of type and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes are by themselves inadequate to fully characterize the reservoir of resistance genes and the genetic ... Collectively, this study demonstrated an uncharted knowledge of the segmentation of Salmonella resistome driven by mobilome, elucidating dynamic drivers and distinct mediators for resistome development that are of immediate relevance for targeted interventions. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant global challenge ...Jan 1, 2021 · Further, our current knowledge of the microbial metal resistome at the community level has been lagging behind compared to the state-of-the-art genetic profiling of bacterial metal resistance mechanisms in a pure culture system. This review provides an overview of the core metal resistant microbiome, development …Oct 23, 2023 · The resistome structure of external habitats differed significantly from the human fecal resistome, likely driven by biotic and abiotic factors in the various habitats. We subsequently identified a unique core resistome of human feces, which was extremely different from those in the other habitats, likely due to combinations of microbial ... Join The Redstone Family Today Are you ready to join the credit union that puts you first? Become a member of the Redstone family and you’ll start enjoying the great rates, personalized financial advice, and excellent customer service Redstone is known for. Jan 1, 2023 · There are a few hypothesized ways cyanobacteria may play a role in environmental AR and the resistome: through intrinsic and generally immobile ancient resistance mechanisms to antibiotics, the harboring of resistome-relevant mobile ARGs, or the promotion or inhibition of other bacteria that can host ARGs. …Apr 12, 2022 · The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support ... Dec 15, 2018 · Phyllosphere resistome. By using HT-qPCR, this study provides new insights into the antibiotic resistome in plant microbiome, as well as the factors driving the shift of antibiotic resistome in plant microbiome, which is critical for understanding the spread of ARGs in the environment and associated risks.Jan 22, 2024 · 2018YFD0501902/National Key R&D Program Projects. Our data revealed that the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome are associated with the microbiome, and the reservoir of ARGs in the rumen during early life is likely related to age and diet. It may be a feasible strategy to reduce the rumen and its …In Brazil, 16 K aerogenes genomes were associated with human infections from 2006 to 2016 in three states in the Southeast region (Minas Gerais, Paraná and São … With Redstone’s online banking, you can do more with your money when it’s convenient for you. Manage. Account. View your account balance and activity. Review cleared checks (within the last 12 months) Open or upgrade an account (savings, checking, certificate, or money market account) Reorder your personalized checks. Oct 12, 2023 · The resistome is considered the ensemble of genes that contribute to the phenotype of resistance to antibiotics of a given microorganism. By extension, it also refers to the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in a given habitat or microbiome [1,2,3].Among these genes, some are present in all (or most) …Jan 20, 2006 · Synercid, which was FDA-approved in 1999 for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteremia, is a combination of two semisynthetic derivatives of Streptomyces metabolites, each with a distinct mode of action. Eighteen percent of resistant isolates tested were able to detoxify both antibiotics.May 5, 2022 · The host range and mobility of the antibiotic resistome were determined at contigs level, and the hosts mainly belonged to the Proteobacteria with the genus of Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Aeromonas being dominant. The transposase (tnpA), IS91 and integrons were mobile genetic elements (MGEs) located together with ARGs, and a MAG ...Feb 20, 2024 · Antibiotic resistome composition and abundance in FBM. In this study, FBM samples were collected from four fermentation bed culture pig farms to obtain a comprehensive understanding of antibiotic resistomes. A total of 258 unique ARGs were identified in all FBM samples (Table S5).Jan 7, 2020 · Resistome profiles of the Han River based on metagenome sequencing and high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) analyses. a Sampling sites surveyed in this study shown on a map of the Han River (blue) along with human population density.b ARG density estimated from shotgun metagenomes and HT-qPCR. For metagenome reads, reads per …Mar 9, 2023 · The oral resistome is characterised by compositional changes during dental development. Target read pairs after removal of human host DNA ranged from 11,215,924 to 89,678,704 pairs per sample ...Dec 16, 2016 · Much of the data related to mutation-based stress resistance, however, is scattered through the academic literature, making it difficult to apply systematic analyses to this wealth of information. To address this issue, we introduce the Resistome database: a literature-curated collection of Escherichia coli genotypes-phenotypes containing over ... Join The Redstone Family Today Are you ready to join the credit union that puts you first? Become a member of the Redstone family and you’ll start enjoying the great rates, personalized financial advice, and excellent customer service Redstone is known for. Join Redstone today and see what’s possible for you. ARE YOU ELIGIBLE TO JOIN BECOME A MEMBER. Must be eligible for membership and open a share savings account to join RFCU. A $5.00 minimum balance is required to open and be maintained in the share savings account at all times. Fees and other restrictions may apply. Jun 5, 2015 · The human gut resistome. Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands [email protected]. 25918444. PMC4424436. 10.1098/rstb.2014.0087. In recent decades, the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has become a major threat to …Sep 27, 2019 · The dynamic changes in the resistome are likely a result of gut microbiota assembly, which is closely associated with diet transition in dairy calves. Modifications in the resistome may be ...Assess antibiotic resistome flows from pollution hotspots to environments and explore the control strategies Theme-based Research Scheme 2020/21 (Tenth Round) funded research RGC reference number T21-705/20-N .Sep 24, 2018 · The resistome, MGE and microbial community distance matrices correlated significantly with each other (Mantel’s test, cor ≥ 0.5 and p ≤ 0.001 for all pairwise correlations).Dec 22, 2023 · Characterizing microbiome and resistome profiles in hospital sewage is important for the surveillance of ARB and ARGs and the prevention of potential HAIs. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (SPHCC) is the unique 3A-grade specialized hospital for major infectious diseases (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2 ... Must be eligible for membership and open a share savings account in order to join RFCU® and to open a “You Name It" Savings Account. Minimum balance of $5 is required to open and be maintained in the share savings account. Some restrictions apply. The minimum daily balance required to earn dividends is $500. No dividends will be earned for ... With a personal loan from Redstone, you’ll have the freedom and flexibility you need to set your plans in motion. Whether you want to buy a car, consolidate your debt, or have a little extra cash on hand, borrowing with Redstone means borrowing with confidence. Every loan comes with great rates and personalized support throughout the entire ... Jul 19, 2017 · The resistome closely correlates with host-related bacterial phylogeny in sewage , indicating that the shared resistome and the core microbiota might play a vital role in the profile of urban resistome and its microbial community. Despite no distinct geographical grouping, there was a distance-decay effect in the similarity in bacterial ...Sep 21, 2018 · Antibiotics and bacterial resistance. Antibiotics are the agents used commonly in the treatment and prevention of infections. Owing to their structure and degree of affinity to target sites, they are classified into Penicillin's, Cephalosporins, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Quinolones, Diaminopyrimidines, Polymyxin ...Jan 1, 2023 · There are a few hypothesized ways cyanobacteria may play a role in environmental AR and the resistome: through intrinsic and generally immobile ancient resistance mechanisms to antibiotics, the harboring of resistome-relevant mobile ARGs, or the promotion or inhibition of other bacteria that can host ARGs. …Jul 23, 2018 · The resistome richness showed similar patterns to ResFinder: Spanish, Italian, Polish and Bulgarian samples had a higher estimated richness in both pig and poultry than the other countries. The ...Nov 26, 2018 · Consequently, an accurate census of intestinal ARDs (that is, the intestinal resistome) has not yet been fully determined. For this purpose, we developed and validated an annotation method (called ... 1As of March 1, 2024, the APRs are as low as 17.25% Variable - 18.00% Variable for Visa Signature and may vary. APRs are based on creditworthiness at account opening. Variable APRs will vary with the U.S. Prime Rate. 2Redstone’s MyChoice Rewards points are earned for qualified transactions made with the participating card. Abstract. The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability of pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array of antibiotic resistance …Jan 1, 2024 · Additionally, the resistome risk was analyzed by identifying the high-risk ARGs and their co-occurrences with MGEs and virulence factors on the same metagenomic contigs, and the sources of ARGs in the downstream were apportioned using the metagenomic resistome signatures and a source tracking tool. The study is of great significance to better ...Sep 23, 2022 · Resistome analysis was performed on both full and rarefied data. Metagenome assemblies were compared using BLASTn against the CARD database with a cut-off of 80% identity and 70% coverage . Host ... Fri 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Sat 9:00 AM - 1:00 PM. (800) 234-1234. https://www.redfcu.org. Redstone is a federally chartered credit union serving members North Alabama and Middle Tennessee. We work to help our members, their families, and our communities achieve their financial dreams. We offer checking, savings, loans, mortgages, credit cards ... May 15, 2023 · The resistome features (ARG types, subtypes, indicator ARGs, and emerging mobilizable ARGs: mcr and tet(X)) in these habitats were benchmarked via a standardized workflow. We found that wastewater and wastewater treatment works were characterized to be reservoirs of more diverse genotypes of ARGs than any other habitats including human and ...2 days ago · Resistome What is CARD? The CARD is a rigorously curated collection of known resistance determinants and associated antibiotics, organized by the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO) and AntiMicrobial Resistance (AMR) gene detection models at McMaster University. Learn more about CARD here. …Mar 23, 2024 · parabasis. (in classical Greek comedy ) an address from the chorus to the audience. Mar 18, 2024. Mar 18, 2024. Mar 17, 2024. Mar 08, 2024. RESISTOME definition: Collins Dictionary Definition | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples in American English.Jan 1, 2024 · The skin antibiotic resistome after exposure overlapped with the dust antibiotic resistome and partially overlapped with the swine feces antibiotic resistome, suggesting that the distributions of skin and dust ARG profiles were relatively similar and differs somewhat from skin with swine feces. Diversity of the antibiotic resistome in students ...Nov 25, 2023 · In this study, we examine the latest researches on the antibiotic resistome in various waterbodies that have been exposed to WWTP effluent, highlighting the key influencing mechanisms. Furthermore, recommendations for future research and management strategies to control the dissemination of ARGs from WWTPs to the environment are provided, with ...May 5, 2022 · The host range and mobility of the antibiotic resistome were determined at contigs level, and the hosts mainly belonged to the Proteobacteria with the genus of Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Aeromonas being dominant. The transposase (tnpA), IS91 and integrons were mobile genetic elements (MGEs) located together with ARGs, and a MAG ...Nov 25, 2023 · In this study, we examine the latest researches on the antibiotic resistome in various waterbodies that have been exposed to WWTP effluent, highlighting the key influencing mechanisms. Furthermore, recommendations for future research and management strategies to control the dissemination of ARGs from WWTPs to the environment are provided, with ...Oct 28, 2009 · Resistance to tetracycline emerged soon after its discovery six decades ago. Extensive clinical and non-clinical uses of this class of antibiotic over the years have combined to select for a large number of resistant determinants, collectively termed the tetracycline resistome. In order to impart resistance, microbes use different molecular …Antibiotic resistance is a natural feature of diverse microbial ecosystems. Although recent studies of the antibiotic resistome have highlighted barriers to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between habitats, the rapid global spread of genes that confer resistance to carbapenem, colistin and quinolone antibiotics illustrates the dire clinical and societal …Feb 17, 2021 · The iHSMGC comprised 10,930,638 genes with the detection of 4,879,024 new genes. Characterization of the human skin resistome based on iHSMGC confirmed that skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus spp, are an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Further analyses of skin microbial ARGs detected microbe-specific and skin ...Mar 1, 2020 · The increased relative abundance of the bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-48, bla NDM, and bla KPC genes in the resistome of sewage from the aeration chamber indicates selection in activated sludge. There is a relationship between the composition of bacterial populations and relative abundance of … Download Redstone Federal Credit Union and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Mobile banking* is a free service to members of Redstone Federal Credit Union. Mobile banking allows you to complete financial transactions from the convenience of your mobile device: check balances, transfer funds, pay bills, deposit checks, view and ... Nov 11, 2020 · The bog resistome further exhibits a high versatility and evenness of ARGs and, thus, reflects the typical characteristics of the bog microbiome (stable and high microbial diversity, geographic ...Jan 22, 2024 · (ARGs), called resistome, is a criticalquestion for environmental and human health. By scrutinizing the dynamics of soil resisomes in a six-year (2014-2019) climate change experiment, this study provides explicit insights into the risk of antibiotic resistance in cropland and grassland microbiomes under future climate …
1.Introduction. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commercialized nanomaterials, making up an estimated 50% of global engineered nanomaterials [15], …. Tavis
Resistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the year …Nov 2, 2020 · There was a clear separation in resistome composition between samples from different ecological niches, with 12% of resistome variation explained at both the ARG type and gene levels (Adonis test ...Sep 8, 2022 · The metagenomic variations and the levels of the environmental impact of four different soil samples from the Amazon region were evaluated, emphasizing the resistome. Soil samples from the organic phase from the different forest, pasture, and transgenic soybean monocultures of 2–14 years old were collected in triplicate at each site.The guts of urbanized people worldwide are known to contain less microbial biodiversity than those of humans living rurally. The worry is that the loss of key species contributes … The human gut is home to a myriad of organisms. While some are harmless commensals, others are transient, pathogenic flora. The gut microbiome is composed of diverse bacterial flora, and apart from playing a major role in protecting from various infectious and non-infectious diseases, it plays an important role in resistance to antimicrobials. Jan 1, 2024 · The skin antibiotic resistome after exposure overlapped with the dust antibiotic resistome and partially overlapped with the swine feces antibiotic resistome, suggesting that the distributions of skin and dust ARG profiles were relatively similar and differs somewhat from skin with swine feces. Diversity of the antibiotic resistome in students ...Aug 12, 2023 · Antibiotic resistance is a risk for human and pig health. Here, the authors profile the antibiotic resistome of the pig lower respiratory tract and evaluate potential mobile genetic elements ...Feb 21, 2021 · The study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the resistome provide the basis for traditional approaches to combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification of naturally occurring antibiotic scaffolds, the development of adjuvant therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms, and the total synthesis of new antibiotics and the... With members all over the world and more than $7.5 billion in assets, Redstone is now one of the 25 largest federal credit unions in the country. Today, a $5 deposit is still all that’s required to join Redstone. We’ve grown considerably over the years, but our unwavering commitment to our members has allowed us to stay grounded in what ... Passionné depuis 1993. Expédition en 24/48h. Aide et conseils 03 85 74 95 60. Depuis 1993, Restom est votre spécialiste français de la chimie appliquée à la restauration des …The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we …Feb 20, 2024 · Antibiotic resistome composition and abundance in FBM. In this study, FBM samples were collected from four fermentation bed culture pig farms to obtain a comprehensive understanding of antibiotic resistomes. A total of 258 unique ARGs were identified in all FBM samples (Table S5).Jul 6, 2022 · The poultry microbiome was the most diverse, harboring the highest number of different ARGs and contained the highest number of unique ARGs. So far, research has been relatively limited on the poultry resistome and how it compares to other livestock microbiomes (Ma et al., 2021), therefore this study sheds new light on the poultry resistome.May 11, 2022 · Here, we study the resistome of 771 samples from five major body parts (skin, nares, vagina, gut, and oral cavity) of healthy subjects from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and addressed the potential dispersion of ARGs in pristine environments. A total of 28,714 ARGs belonging to 235 different ARG types were found in the HMP …Nov 26, 2018 · Consequently, an accurate census of intestinal ARDs (that is, the intestinal resistome) has not yet been fully determined. For this purpose, we developed and validated an annotation method (called ...Apr 12, 2022 · The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support ... May 10, 2022 · Here, we study the resistome of 771 samples from five major body parts (skin, nares, vagina, gut, and oral cavity) of healthy subjects from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and addressed the potential dispersion of ARGs in pristine environments. A total of 28,714 ARGs belonging to 235 different ARG types were found in the HMP proteome dataset ... Synergistic control of the risks posed by emerging antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is crucial for ensuring ecological safety. Although electrogenic respiration can enhance the biodegradation of several antimicrobials and reduce ARGs accumulation, the association mechanisms of antimicrobial biodegradation (trimethoprim, TMP) with the fate of the ….