The Slingshot water purifier is explained in this article. Learn about the Slingshot water purifier. Advertisement For plenty of people, getting a drink of water on the hottest of ...Imodium primarily alleviates diarrhea, while Pepto-Bismol helps with stomach upset, indigestion, and nausea. While there isn’t a direct interaction between Imodium and Pepto-Bismol that makes them unsafe to take together, it’s important to exercise caution. Both medications can have similar anti-diarrheal effects, so using them ...Tea, the second-most consumed beverage in the world, has its own culture and customs. Learn about tea and find out how the process of preparing tea works. Advertisement Tea is the ... If you are taking other medications, leave an interval of at least 2 hours before or after taking this medication. To help reduce constipation, drink several glasses of water a day. What side effects may I notice from receiving this medication? Side effects that you should report to your care team as soon as possible: Mar 1, 2020 · All other medications, including aspirin, should be taken the day of the exam with a sip of water. Five (5) days before your colonoscopy. Do NOT take medicines that stop diarrhea, such as loperamide (Imodium®) or bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate®, Pepto-Bismol®). Do NOT take fiber supplements, such as Metamucil®, Citrucel®, or Perdiem®. All other medications, including aspirin, should be taken the day of the exam with a sip of water. Five (5) days before your colonoscopy. Do NOT take medicines that stop diarrhea, such as loperamide (Imodium®) or bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate®, Pepto-Bismol®). Do NOT take fiber supplements, such as Metamucil®, Citrucel®, or Perdiem®.Well, I did it. I drank a lot of water every day for a few weeks in March—one gallon per day, in fact, or as close to it as I could get without living permanently in the bathroom—b...Pepto-Bismol: The recommended Pepto-Bismol dosage for adults is 2 pills every 30 minutes as needed for diarrhea. You shouldn’t take more than 8 doses (16 pills) within 24 hours. You shouldn’t take more than 8 doses (16 pills) within 24 hours.6 days ago · Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) treats an upset stomach by coating its lining, but it doesn't keep you from throwing up if you have a stomach virus. Children under 12 years and anyone under 18 years who has recently had the flu or chickenpox should not take Pepto-Bismol, as it can raise the risk of Reye's syndrome . Pepto-Bismol should work within 30 to 60 minutes. You can have another dose after 30 to 60 minutes, if you need to. Does Pepto diarrhea really work? All in all, Imodium A-D and Pepto-Bismol are both safe and effective over-the-counter treatments for diarrhea in most people. A few notable differences may affect which drug you choose. For the first 24 hours you should drink plenty of clear liquids, such as ginger ale, decaffeinated cola, decaffeinated tea, broth, and gelatin. During the next 24 hours you may eat bland foods, such as cooked cereals, bread, crackers, and applesauce. The new Bevi touchless drink dispensing system shows your employees you're thinking of their safety as they return to work. A new dispensing feature lets people get flavored water ...6 days ago · Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) treats an upset stomach by coating its lining, but it doesn't keep you from throwing up if you have a stomach virus. Children under 12 years and anyone under 18 years who has recently had the flu or chickenpox should not take Pepto-Bismol, as it can raise the risk of Reye's syndrome . Fever. Nausea and vomiting. Bloating. Urgent need to have a bowel movement. Malaise (weakness or discomfort) Explosive and painful gas. Stomach c ramps. Loss of appetite. Traveler's diarrhea ...An upset stomach often occurs when you're sick. While doctors no longer recommend exclusively eating bland food while you're feeling ill, eating a few bland ...You can take this medication every 30 to 60 minutes as long as you are still having stomach issues. However, don't go over 8 doses in a 24-hour period. If you're taking Pepto-Bismol Ultra, don't exceed 4 doses in a 24-hour period.Clear liquids include water, ginger ale, Gatorade, etc., which you can drink for about 12-24 hours after a sudden bout of diarrhea. WIth fluid loss comes ...A doctor has provided 1 answer. i came back from el salvador past monday and i can't eat much without it upset my stomach and me using the bathroom. been taking pepto … A doctor has provided 1 answer. i came back from el salvador past monday and i can't eat much without it upset my stomach and me using the bathroom. been taking pepto-bismol?: See doctor: It sounds like you may have a case of traveller's diarrhea. Follow the directions and dosing recommendations on the product packaging carefully. You do not need to take the medication with food. Do not take Pepto Bismol for more than two days. 3 Be sure to drink plenty of water while taking Pepto Bismol to replace fluid lost from diarrhea episodes. Besides, When should you not […]Allow the tablets to dissolve on your tongue or chew them. Repeat this dose every 30 to 60 minutes if necessary. In 24 hours, do not take more than 8 doses. Is Pepto-Bismol superior to Imodium? It can be a lifesaver to have Imodium (Loperamide) at hand to help you relieve your symptoms.Nausea after eating is a relatively common problem, especially if you tend to overindulge in food or drink. Thankfully, there are several ways you can treat ...1. Pepto-Bismol for upset stomach. Pepto-Bismol is an OTC upset stomach medicine that can also treat diarrhea. The active ingredient is bismuth subsalicylate. It works by slowing down movement in your stomach and intestines. It also lessens chemicals that can irritate your stomach.The new Bevi touchless drink dispensing system shows your employees you're thinking of their safety as they return to work. A new dispensing feature lets people get flavored water ...MiraLax is FDA-approved for the short-term treatment of occasional (irregular) constipation in adults 18 and older. MiraLax, an osmotic laxative, works by preventing the reabsorption of water, which causes water retention in the stool. As a result, it makes the stool softer and easier to pass and increases the number of bowel …How long after the expiration date is pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) safe to take? A doctor has provided 1 answer. Dr. Diane Minich answered. ... How are you? I have a few pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets that expired one year ago.I have a really bad stomach ache.. Is it safe to take a pill? A doctor has provided 1 answer.Anti-Nausea Medicine. The #1 Pharmacist Recommended Upset Stomach Brand†, Pepto Bismol is your go-to anti-nausea medicine. Pepto is clinically proven to be effective for upper gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea after eating. It soothes your discomfort as the active ingredient in Pepto binds with toxins and provides a protective coating ...May 29, 2023 · Have you ever found yourself wondering how long you should wait before drinking alcohol after taking Pepto-Bismol? This over-the-counter remedy is commonly used to treat various digestive issues, such as diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea. However, many people are unsure about whether it is safe to drink alcohol after taking Pepto. If any medicine remains after drinking, add more water, stir, and drink immediately. If you are using the delayed-release oral suspension with a nasogastric or gastric tube: Add 5 mL to a catheter tipped syringe and then add the contents of a 2.5 mg packet (or 15 mL of water for the 10 mg packet).The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for further assessment of microplastics in the environment and their potential impacts on human health. Try our Symptom Checker Got a...Preservation of Wetlands - Preservation of wetlands is important because wetlands filter our drinking water and prevent flooding. Learn more about the preservation of wetlands. Adv...Both American Airlines and Alaska Airlines are no longer serving a second beverage service during long domestic flights. You might want to visit Hudson News before your next Americ...For the first 24 hours you should drink plenty of clear liquids, such as ginger ale, decaffeinated cola, decaffeinated tea, broth, and gelatin. During the next 24 hours you may eat bland foods, such as cooked cereals, bread, crackers, and applesauce.Imagine a mother telling her child to drink beer instead of water. Find out if medieval people really drank beer instead of water at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Visit a medieval f...Therefore, stick to the regular Pepto Bismol liquid and chewable tablets when using Pepto Bismol for dogs. And here are their right dosages: Liquid Pepto Bismol: 1 teaspoon or 5 ml per 10 pounds of body weight every 6 to 8 hours but no more than two to three doses or for longer than 24 hours.Mar 14, 2024 · Pepto-Bismol can be used to treat diarrhea in children 12 years of age and older. There is not a diarrhea-specific Pepto-Bismol product for children under 12 years of age. For kids ages 2 to under 12 years of age, a product called Pepto Kids is available for acid indigestion, heartburn, sour stomach, and upset stomach. You can take this medication every 30 to 60 minutes as long as you are still having stomach issues. However, don't go over 8 doses in a 24-hour period. If you're taking Pepto-Bismol Ultra, don't exceed 4 doses in a 24-hour period.Do not take Pepto Bismol for more than two days. 3 Be sure to drink plenty of water while taking Pepto Bismol to replace fluid lost from diarrhea episodes. How often should I take Pepto Bismol Ultra? Pepto-Bismol Ultra (maximum strength): Take 15 mL every 30 minutes, or 30 mL every hour as needed.Taking 2 tablets of Pepto-Bismol 4 times a day before you travel and while you are traveling can help prevent diarrhea. Do not take Pepto-Bismol for more than 3 weeks. Most people do not need to take antibiotics every day to prevent diarrhea while traveling.The pepto-bismol has a half life of 21-72 days so it may take a few days for it to completely disappear from your system. The half life means that after the stated time period, one half of the substance would remain in your body. Most likely, you will still feel some of the effects for up to 5-7 days. Table of Contents show.For older children, encourage them to drink clear fluids like water or Pedialyte. Diluted juice (1/2 juice and 1/2 water), Pedialyte popsicles, and broth can be good choices, too. You’ll also need to avoid foods and beverages that may worsen diarrhea until symptoms improve. This may include things like:It is recommended to wait at least 2 hours after taking Pepto Bismol before consuming alcohol. This allows Pepto Bismol to fully take effect and reduce symptoms such as stomach pain and diarrhea. Consuming alcohol too soon after taking Pepto Bismol can also increase the risk of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and stomach irritation.Jan 13, 2024 · The short answer is that drinking coffee while taking Pepto Bismol is generally considered safe. The main active ingredient in Pepto Bismol, bismuth subsalicylate, is not known to interact with coffee in any way. That said, some people may be more sensitive to ingredients in coffee, leaving them more susceptible to possible side effects. A positive result from the breath, stool or upper endoscopy tests means you have an active (current) H. pylori infection. You’ll need antibiotics to get rid of the bacteria. After you’ve taken them for long enough to kill H. pylori, you may need another test to ensure the infection’s gone. A positive result on a blood test means you have ...Jan 13, 2024 · The short answer is that drinking coffee while taking Pepto Bismol is generally considered safe. The main active ingredient in Pepto Bismol, bismuth subsalicylate, is not known to interact with coffee in any way. That said, some people may be more sensitive to ingredients in coffee, leaving them more susceptible to possible side effects. If you're taking Pepto-Bismol for diarrhoea, make sure you drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. How long to take it for. You can take Pepto-Bismol for up to 2 days. Do not take it for more than 2 days as this will increase your risk of getting side effects. If your symptoms are no better or are getting worse after 2 days, contact your ...... can travel worry-free. Take Pepto Bismol Chews at the first sign of digestive issues so you can get rapid relief. FEATURES AND BENEFITS. FAST RELIEF ...The general rule of thumb is to give a dosage of 0.5-1ml of the liquid Pepto Bismol per pound of weight. For the tablets, the recommended dose for dogs is 1/4 tablet per 20 lbs. of weight, every 6 to 8 hours. However, it is best to ask your vet what they recommend for a dosage, to be on the safe side. There are two ways to give Pepto …Eating soup or drinking broths can ... Invest in a good portable water purifier, and you can enjoy water wherever you travel. ... How Does Pepto Bismol Work as an ...2. How long does it take for Pepto Bismol and Gas X to work? The onset of relief may vary depending on the individual and the severity of symptoms. Generally, Pepto Bismol starts working within 30 minutes, while Gas X provides relief within 15-30 minutes. 3. Can I take Pepto Bismol and Gas X with other medications?Yes, dogs can take Pepto-Bismol, but it’s important to follow the correct dosage and precautions: Dosage: 1 teaspoon (5 mL) for every 10 pounds of body weight, up to 2 teaspoons (10 mL) for dogs weighing over 40 pounds. Frequency: Administer every 6-8 hours as needed. acetaminophen food. Ask your doctor before using acetaminophen together with ethanol. This can cause serious side effects that affect your liver. Call your doctor immediately if you experience a fever, chills, joint pain or swelling, excessive tiredness or weakness, unusual bleeding or bruising, skin rash or itching, loss of appetite, nausea ... Yes, dogs can take Pepto-Bismol, but it’s important to follow the correct dosage and precautions: Dosage: 1 teaspoon (5 mL) for every 10 pounds of body weight, up to 2 teaspoons (10 mL) for dogs weighing over 40 pounds. Frequency: Administer every 6-8 hours as needed. Drugs & Medications. Pepto-Bismol Tablet, Chewable - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Generic Name (S): bismuth subsalicylate. Uses. This medication is used to treat occasional upset stomach,... 11. Can I take Pepto Bismol before or after drinking alcohol? While Pepto Bismol can help alleviate certain symptoms associated with drinking alcohol, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional regarding drug interactions and potential side effects. 12. What are the common side effects of Pepto Bismol?Nov 7, 2021 · Follow the directions and dosing recommendations on the product packaging carefully. You do not need to take the medication with food. Do not take Pepto Bismol for more than two days. 3 Be sure to drink plenty of water while taking Pepto Bismol to replace fluid lost from diarrhea episodes. Besides, When should you not […] Can i take pepto bismol and carafate? A doctor has provided 1 answer. can you drink alcohol after taking pepto bismol?: Avoid mixing two: Pepto bismal contains salicylates which cause some d.Here are 13 natural home remedies to relieve constipation. Drink more water. Eat more fiber, especially soluble, non-fermentable fiber. Exercise more. Drink coffee, especially caffeinated coffee. Take Senna, an herbal laxative. Eat probiotic foods or take probiotic supplements. Over-the-counter or prescription laxatives.Always carefully read the instructions to prevent taking Alka-Seltzer too often. Adults and children over 12 can take 2 tablets every 6 hours. Just make sure not to exceed 7 tablets in 24 hours. If you're over 60, don't exceed 3 tablets in 24 hours. Your doctor might give you different dosage instructions.How long does it take for Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) tablets to start working? A doctor has provided 1 answer. ... (bismuth subsalicylate) safe to take? A doctor has provided 1 answer. A member asked: What will happen if I take pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) for more than the 2 days it recommends? A doctor has provided 1 …A gallon is a lot of something. Drink that much milk, and you’ll surely get at least 100,000 YouTube views—or more—if you catalogue the aftermath of your attempt. Drink that much w...When used as directed, Pepto Bismol soothes your discomfort with proteins that enhance the viscosity of the protective layer in the upper gastrointestinal tract to help you feel better. Other ways to battle the bloating include drinking water, going to the bathroom, or waiting it out. If you want to be proactive, you can take note of foods that ...Have you ever found yourself wondering how long you should wait before drinking alcohol after taking Pepto-Bismol? This over-the-counter remedy is commonly used to treat various digestive issues, such as diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea. However, many people are unsure about whether it is safe to drink alcohol after taking Pepto.So, if you experience any side effects at all, you should stop using Pepto-Bismol. If you experience diarrhea after starting the medication, it’s best to stay well …How should I use this medication? Caplets: The usual recommended dose for adults is 525 mg (2 caplets) every 30 minutes as needed, up to a maximum of 16 caplets in 24 hours.For children 10 to 12 years of age, the usual dose is 262 mg (1 caplet) every 30 minutes as needed, up to a maximum of 8 caplets in 24 hours.How long does Pepto Bismol take to stop diarrhea in this regard? Pepto-Bismol should be effective in 30 to 60 minutes. ... you may need to take it for longer. Is it possible to drink water after taking Pepto Bismol? For more than two days, do not take Pepto Bismol. 1? To replace fluid lost during diarrhea episodes, drink plenty of water while ...Sep 27, 2023 · However, according to studies, peak levels of PEG-3350 in the bloodstream occurred two to four hours after taking a 17 g dose. MiraLax starts producing bowel movements within one to three days. These studies confirmed that PEG-3350 is absorbed in a small quantity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the stomach and intestines and ... IBM will support projects that can help improve access to safe drinking water for all, improve water quality by reducing pollution, increase water... ARMONK, N.Y., March 14, 2023 /... Why does Pepto-Bismol sometimes darken the tongue/stool and how long does it last? Can I use Pepto Bismol if I have certain gastrointestinal conditions (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome)? How do I open the bottles of Pepto Bismol Liquid? For the first 24 hours you should drink plenty of clear liquids, such as ginger ale, decaffeinated cola, decaffeinated tea, broth, and gelatin. During the next 24 hours you may eat bland foods, such as cooked cereals, bread, crackers, and applesauce. A doctor has provided 1 answer. i came back from el salvador past monday and i can't eat much without it upset my stomach and me using the bathroom. been taking pepto-bismol?: See doctor: It sounds like you may have a case of traveller's diarrhea.Pepto-Bismol can be used to treat diarrhea in children 12 years of age and older. There is not a diarrhea-specific Pepto-Bismol product for children under 12 years of age. For kids ages 2 to under 12 years of age, a product called Pepto Kids is available for acid indigestion, heartburn, sour stomach, and upset stomach. Category: medical health digestive disorders. 4.7/5 (2,001 Views . 42 Votes) Take two tablespoons of Kaopectate or two tablespoons of Pepto-Bismol after each loose stool. Do not take more than eight doses. If Kaopectate does not help in 12 hours, take two tablets of Imodium after each loose stool. Do not take more than eight tablets in 24 hours. Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) treats an upset stomach by coating its lining, but it doesn't keep you from throwing up if you have a stomach virus. Children under 12 years and anyone under 18 years who has recently had the flu or chickenpox should not take Pepto-Bismol, as it can raise the risk of Reye's syndrome .Dean asks, "When we use the hot water in our new home, there is a very strong smelly odor. Please help."There are several possibilities for the unpleasant odor in your water, inclu...It can be taken any time you are experiencing diarrhea, travelers' diarrhea or an upset stomach due to overindulgence in food and drink, including: heartburn, indigestion, nausea, gas, belching and fullness. When using the product follow the directions. Do not exceed 8 doses in a 24 hour period when using Pepto-Bismol or 4 doses in a 24 hour ...It can be taken any time you are experiencing diarrhea, travelers' diarrhea or an upset stomach due to overindulgence in food and drink, including: heartburn, indigestion, nausea, gas, belching and fullness. When using the product follow the directions. Do not exceed 8 doses in a 24 hour period when using Pepto-Bismol or 4 doses in a 24 hour ...When dosed properly, dogs normally do not experience serious side effects from taking Pepto Bismol. Used responsibility, this popular product is unlikely to be harmful. Dogs Can Take Pepto Bismol (Dosing: 1 Teaspoon Per 10 lbs – Every 6 Hours) Used occasionally and in conservative amounts, it’s a good temporary treatment. With that being ... In this way, the behavior of medicines after expiry matters. Tums and Pepto Bismol are not severely harmful after the expiration date but Imodium is not recommended long after expiry. Can you take a year old Pepto Bismol? Yes, you can take Pepto Bismol expired 1 year ago if it is intact and not expired. It is harmless. The medication comes in a packet and is taken as a drink after being added to water. ... or Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate). ... Over time, diarrhea may start to settle, but it can take a long time. Diarrhea that persists for more than a year should be evaluated by a healthcare professional, as it may be caused by another condition. A …A doctor has provided 1 answer. i came back from el salvador past monday and i can't eat much without it upset my stomach and me using the bathroom. been taking pepto-bismol?: See doctor: It sounds like you may have a case of traveller's diarrhea.As long as the diarrhea is not bloody and you don ... If you have ... Can I take Pepto Bismol while pregnant? Salicylates such as bismuth subsalicylate should be ...Wait at least two hours after taking an antibiotic before taking Pepto-Bismol since it will otherwise delay the absorption of the antibiotic. ... drinks, wine and ...The bowel preparation solution will be consumed in two parts. Do NOT add ice, sugar or any flavorings to the solution. Part 1 at 6 PM on the evening before your colonoscopy: Pour ONE 6-ounce bottle of SUPREP® liquid into the mixing container. Add cool water to the 16 oz. line on the container and mix. Drink ALL the liquid in the container.
Find answers to frequently asked questions about how Pepto-Bismol's products work to relieve symptoms of indigestion, side effects, and more.. Bennington pizza
5. Can I take Pepto Bismol after drinking alcohol? While Pepto Bismol can help alleviate some common symptoms associated with drinking alcohol, it is generally recommended to avoid mixing the two. Alcohol can irritate the stomach lining, and combining it with Pepto Bismol may increase the risk of certain side effects. 6.The short answer is yes, you can drink alcohol after taking Pepto-Bismol but there are some important things you should consider before doing so. It is important to always follow the instructions on the packaging when taking any medication. Doing so will help ensure that you experience the best possible results and avoid any side effects or ...Yes, you read that right. Tonic water can interact with Imodium A-D. But how is that possible? Tonic water contains small amounts of the medication quinine (Qualaquin). And quinine can interfere with how Imodium A-D is broken down in your body. So, be sure to avoid drinking tonic water while taking Imodium A-D. 10. Grapefruit juiceAnti-Nausea Medicine. The #1 Pharmacist Recommended Upset Stomach Brand†, Pepto Bismol is your go-to anti-nausea medicine. Pepto is clinically proven to be effective for upper gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea after eating. It soothes your discomfort as the active ingredient in Pepto binds with toxins and provides a protective coating ...How after taking pepto bismol can I take Imodium for ... How long after taking pepto bismol can I take Imodium for diarrhea. Answered by Dr Basu in 5 mins 3 years ... rose 14 percent...and had nearly 400,000 page views in 30 days...inquiries related to stress, high blood pressure, drinking and heart pain jumped 33 percent. I will tell you that ...Is it safe to take Sucralfate after meals ? I have GERD, bile reflux and esophagus ucler. My doctor gave me Sucraflate tablet 1 g. He told me to take 1 g 2 times after meals with water. Is this a correct way to take Sucralfate because I read that I should take it before meals and not after meals.acetaminophen food. Ask your doctor before using acetaminophen together with ethanol. This can cause serious side effects that affect your liver. Call your doctor immediately if you experience a fever, chills, joint pain or swelling, excessive tiredness or weakness, unusual bleeding or bruising, skin rash or itching, loss of appetite, nausea ... It may take a few days for pepto-bismol to disappear from your system, because it has a half life of 21 to 72 days. One half of the substance would still be present in the body after the half life. However, if you experience any side effect, discontinue use immediately and consult your doctor. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. …While Pepto Bismol is not recommended while breastfeeding, other medications may be more breastfeeding-friendly and work well to treat symptoms like heartburn, indigestion, or diarrhea. For upset stomach, heartburn, and indigestion, Dr. Kramer recommends antacids like Tums or Maalox. According to LactMed, antacids are generally safe to take ...Taking 2 tablets of Pepto-Bismol 4 times a day before you travel and while you are traveling can help prevent diarrhea. Do not take Pepto-Bismol for more than 3 weeks. Most people do not need to take antibiotics every day to prevent diarrhea while traveling.How long does Pepto Bismol take to stop diarrhea in this regard? Pepto-Bismol should be effective in 30 to 60 minutes. ... Is it possible to drink water after taking Pepto Bismol? For more than two days, do not take Pepto Bismol. 1? To replace fluid lost during diarrhea episodes, drink plenty of water while taking Pepto Bismol.Nausea after eating is a relatively common problem, especially if you tend to overindulge in food or drink. Thankfully, there are several ways you can treat ... In this way, the behavior of medicines after expiry matters. Tums and Pepto Bismol are not severely harmful after the expiration date but Imodium is not recommended long after expiry. Can you take a year old Pepto Bismol? Yes, you can take Pepto Bismol expired 1 year ago if it is intact and not expired. It is harmless. If you are taking other medications, leave an interval of at least 2 hours before or after taking this medication. To help reduce constipation, drink several glasses of water a day. What side effects may I notice from receiving this medication? Side effects that you should report to your care team as soon as possible: All other medications, including aspirin, should be taken the day of the exam with a sip of water. Five (5) days before your colonoscopy. Do NOT take medicines that stop diarrhea, such as loperamide (Imodium®) or bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate®, Pepto-Bismol®). Do NOT take fiber supplements, such as Metamucil®, Citrucel®, or Perdiem®..