Nikki is a prescription birth control medication used to prevent pregnancy. Nikki is also used to treat acne in women at least 14 years of age. Nikki contains two hormones, drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol, which belong to a group of drugs called hormonal contraceptives. These hormones prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation and by altering ...Faulty or Defective Products: One of the most common legal issues associated with birth control methods and devices is based on the legal theory of product liability. The birth control product may contain either a design defect or a manufacturing defect . A design defect is a product defect that affects how a product is initially designed …The FDA study reviewed the medical records of 800,000 women taking birth control between 2001 and 2007 and reported that women taking birth control pills containing drospirenone were significantly more likely to have blood clots: drospirenone increases the risk of blood clots from 6 in 10,000 women to 10 in 10,000 women (or 1 per 1,000). [9]Combination birth control pills contain both estrogen and progestin. They're designed to work by inhibiting reproductive hormone production, ultimately preventing ovulation and pregnancy. These pills may also alter the endometrial lining, cervical mucus, fertilization, transport of an egg, or even prevent implantation.Lawsuit claims defective birth control pills cased 113 accidental pregnancies across 28 states. ... Drugmaker sued for mixing up birth control pills 01:47.During the interview, Somerhalder, 38, claimed that he actually threw away Reed’s birth control pills. The couple first agreed to start a family while on vacation in Barcelona, Spain this past year.Aug 7, 2015 · Nikki is a prescription birth control medication used to prevent pregnancy. Nikki is also used to treat acne in women at least 14 years of age. Nikki contains two hormones, drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol, which belong to a group of drugs called hormonal contraceptives. These hormones prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation and by altering ... The Mirena IUD (Intra-Uterine Device) was introduced by Bayer in 2000, as a long-acting form of birth control that is inserted into the uterus to disrupt the egg and sperm. The device also releases the progestin levonorgestrel, which further acts to prevent pregnancy by keeping the woman’s ovaries from releasing eggs.Plenty of things can be responsible for spotting or a 1-day period, including pregnancy (surprise!), birth control, medications, or certain medical conditions. Excessive exercise, ...Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. What Is Nikki? Nikki is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone.Dec 13, 2022 · A notorious Trump judge just fired the first shot against birth control. In retrospect, it was inevitable that this particular judge would come for contraception. By Ian Millhiser Dec 13, 2022, 8 ... Toronto personal injury lawyer Renée Vinett is representing just over 100 women in a mass tort lawsuit — which involves consolidating numerous similar lawsuits — against Bayer.The phrase BC can refer to many different things, but most likely, in the case of text language, it means “because.” Other common uses of the phrase BC can mean “birth control” or ...The FDA study reviewed the medical records of 800,000 women taking birth control between 2001 and 2007 and reported that women taking birth control pills containing drospirenone were significantly more likely to have blood clots: drospirenone increases the risk of blood clots from 6 in 10,000 women to 10 in 10,000 women (or 1 per 1,000). [9]The U.S. District Judge presiding over all federal Paragard IUD lawsuits, which have been brought by women who suffered painful and debilitating injuries when the birth control implants fractured ...House Speaker Mike Johnson’s Long Crusade Against Birth Control. The new speaker has been fighting to block access to birth control — both inside and outside of Congress. By Tessa Stuart ...There are two main kinds of birth control pills: Combination birth control pills. This type of pill contains both estrogen and progestin. There are a wide variety of combination pills to choose from, depending on how often you want to have periods and the dose of hormones that is best for you. The minipill.Ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about how to switch from other forms of hormonal birth control (such as the patch, other birth control pills) to this product. Side effects Nausea, vomiting, headache, bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of the ankles/feet (fluid retention), or weight change may occur.Aug 15, 2012 · Bayer has resolved more than 1,900 Yasmin/Yaz/Beyaz lawsuits alleging the birth control pills caused blood clots that can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Bayer announced it has paid $402.6 million in settlements so far, for an average payout of about $212,000 per case. The company apparently expects to settle even more lawsuits, because it ... Bayer Pharmaceuticals officials indicate the company will pay $1.6 billion to settle most of the nearly 39,000 Essure lawsuits, resolving claims alleging the birth control device caused women to ...Nov 12, 2015 · November 12, 2015 12:15 PM EST. M ore than 100 women are suing a maker of birth control pills, alleging that incorrect packaging of the pills led to unwanted pregnancy. One hundred and thirteen ... Nikki is a prescription birth control medication used to prevent pregnancy. Nikki is also used to treat acne in women at least 14 years of age. Nikki contains two …Nikki Haley (born January 20, 1972, Bamberg, South Carolina, U.S.) is an American politician who served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (2017–18) in the administration of U.S. Pres. Donald Trump.She was the first woman to serve as governor of South Carolina (2011–17). Haley unsuccessfully sought the Republican Party’s …On Jan. 30, 2020, Warner Chilcott and other defendants agreed to pay $62.5 million to exit the class action lawsuit. The Warner Chilcott class action settlement is limited to Class Members classified as third-party payors, including self-insured health plans that paid for Minastrin and Loestrin birth control on behalf of their members ...Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. What Is Nikki? Nikki is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone.Loryna has an average rating of 5.1 out of 10 from a total of 199 ratings on Drugs.com. 38% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 44% reported a negative effect. Nikki has an average rating of 4.5 out of 10 from a total of 256 ratings on Drugs.com. 31% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 52% reported a negative effect.Essure is a type of permanent birth control that was manufactured by Conceptus, which was purchased by Bayer Healthcare in 2013. Essure has allegedly been linked to serious adverse health effects ...Buy Nikki (Generic Yaz) Birth Control Online, Get Free Delivery - Nurx™. Nikki (Generic Yaz) $ 20 per month ($0 with insurance) ☆☆☆☆☆. 4.8 | 25063 reviews. Add to Cart. Please note that Nikki is supplied in a 3-month supply, and, for payments without insurance, will be charged at checkout.Canadians have launched class-action lawsuits against Bayer Inc., the maker of birth control drugs Yaz and Yasmin, alleging the pills have caused serious health problems. Health Canada approved ...TikTok is making way for new fan communities that are growing independent of decades-old websites, but legal troubles remain constant. Netflix filed a lawsuit Early last year, the ...The Mirena IUD is just the latest birth control device linked to Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), the most common medical name for this potentially fatal brain disorder. Nexplanon and Xulane exhibit side effects that resemble PTC. The disorder is also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension. While PTC is a rare side effect, it is one of the ...Birth Control Lawsuit Seeks Damages For Unplanned Pregnancies. November 12, 2015 12:15 PM ET. By . Bill Chappell More than 100 women across the U.S. have filed a lawsuit against a drug company ...— -- Critics took aim at Nikki Reed's husband Ian Somerhalder this week after the actor admitted in an interview to throwing out the actress' birth control pills. Somerhalder, 38, recounted ...When it came time to start a family with his wife Nikki Reed, Ian Somerhalder didn’t think twice about it. “ [He] threw out all my birth control pills!” the “Twilight” star told Dr ...Also, the negative reviews are from before the lawsuit & redistribution 2016" 10 / 10. ... Then I switched to Nikki, a generic of Yaz. It helped with skin but made me severely depressed so I switched to Tri-Lo Sprintec... and never looked back. ... For Birth Control "I was super nervous to try this pill after reading reviews because I am ...Dec 13, 2022 · A notorious Trump judge just fired the first shot against birth control. In retrospect, it was inevitable that this particular judge would come for contraception. By Ian Millhiser Dec 13, 2022, 8 ... In the devastating Burwell v.Hobby Lobby ruling, on June 30, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed certain bosses to block their employees’ access to birth control.The decision on this Supreme Court birth control case applied to more than half of all U.S. workers — that’s the tens of millions of workers at companies in which five or fewer people own more than …Mötley Crüe’s Nikki Sixx named an album after heroin (Dr. Feelgood), but what does that lifestyle do long term? This podcast explores this -- and more. Nikki Sixx is a rock and rol...Nikki Haley, the last candidate standing between Donald Trump and the GOP presidential nomination, insists that being “unapologetically pro-life” doesn’t make …This week, scientists from Washington and California started a phase-two clinical trial for a topical birth control gel for men. The lack of contraception options for men is a majo...Nikki is a birth control pill with a low estrogen dose and a progestin called drospirenone which may be good for acne and mood problems. It has a slightly higher risk of blood clots than other combined pills. It comes in a packet of 28 tablets which includes 24 active pills and 4 placebo pills to induce a withdrawal bleed.Nikki Haley (born January 20, 1972, Bamberg, South Carolina, U.S.) is an American politician who served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (2017–18) in the administration of U.S. Pres. Donald Trump.She was the first woman to serve as governor of South Carolina (2011–17). Haley unsuccessfully sought the Republican Party’s …Find 76 user ratings and reviews for Nikki (28) Oral on WebMD including side effects and drug interactions, medication effectiveness, ease of use and satisfactionFeb 11, 2022 · In 2014, he was appointed lead counsel in a massive civil case against the makers of Essure a birth control device. The company eventually settle for $1.6 billion. Stefany: "What are those issues ... COLUMBIA - South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley praised this week's U.S. Supreme Court's ruling that said a family-owned company does not have to offer birth control to its employees.UPDATE: Five Essure Suits Survive Preemption [UPDATE] by Tara Voss. Last Updated on October 27, 2022. View Comments. August 25, 2020 – Bayer to Pay $1.6 Billion to Settle Essure Contraceptive Lawsuits. Bayer AG has agreed to pay $1.6 billion to settle lawsuits nationwide that claimed the company’s Essure birth control device caused serious ...Nov 29, 2023 · Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. What Is Nikki? Nikki is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone. Yaz Lawsuits - Yaz Birth Control Side Effects and Legal Information. Yaz is a oral contraceptive or birth control pill containing drosperinone and ethinyl estradiol which is also approved to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and acne. Yaz and other birth control agents containing drosperinone have been linked to a higher than normal ...For Birth Control "I LOVE Nikki! I read several negative reviews when I was prescribed this birth control, but I still took a chance. Since starting, I have had no period whatsoever. My PMS symptoms have dramatically decreased. My skin is so clear I can’t remember the last time I had a significant breakout which is huge for me.Nikki side effects. Hey everyone! Just wanted to see if anyone is on Nikki or has been in the past and had any side effects. I started taking it after I had my daughter a few years ago and ever since, I’ve had a decreased sex drive. Not sure if it’s due to birth control or things are just different after giving birth but it’s been almost ...In response, the “Twilight” actress said: “When [Somerhalder] threw out all my birth control pills.”. Somerhalder said that while they were on vacation in Barcelona, Spain, he went into Reed’s purse without her knowledge and took out her birth control pills after the couple had discussed having kids at dinner with friends.An intrauterine device (IUD) is a form of birth control. It is a small flexible plastic device in the shape of a T that a doctor puts inside the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy....Kariva (150 mcg desogestrel, 20 mcg ethinylestradiol) Mircette (150 mcg desogestrel, 20 mcg ethinylestradiol) Reclipsen (150 mcg desogestrel, 30 mcg ethinylestradiol) Some birth control pills ...Nikki Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. Nikki (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol) is a member of the contraceptives drug class and is commonly used for Acne, Birth Control, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.. The cost for Nikki oral tablet (3 mg-0.02 mg) is around $66 for a supply of 84 tablets, depending on the pharmacy you visit.Nikki birth control . Hi please help I just got prescribed Nikki birth control and I’ve heard so many bad things. I know everyone’s experience is different but can someone tell me their real experiences and if good things came out of it. I have really irregular periods and so I wanted birth control as a contraceptive and also to regulate my ... Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. What Is Nikki? Nikki is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone. Nikki is a prescription birth control medication used to prevent pregnancy. Nikki is also used to treat acne in women at least 14 years of age. Nikki contains two hormones, drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol, which belong to a group of drugs called hormonal contraceptives. These hormones prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation and by altering ...Yaz Lawsuits - Yaz Birth Control Side Effects and Legal Information. Yaz is a oral contraceptive or birth control pill containing drosperinone and ethinyl estradiol which is also approved to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and acne. Yaz and other birth control agents containing drosperinone have been linked to a higher than normal ...Birth control pills mostly work by preventing ovulation by maintaining steady hormone levels in the body. However, other changes to the cervical mucus a lining of the uterus can also help. Changes in cervical mucus can make it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus, and a change in the lining of the uterus would reduce the change of implantation.The relatives of a woman who died in Toronto after taking Yasmin birth control pills have launched the first individual civil lawsuit against the drug manufacturer in Canada. Vicky Caprice ...Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. What Is Nikki? Nikki is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone.In response, the “Twilight” actress said: “When [Somerhalder] threw out all my birth control pills.”. Somerhalder said that while they were on vacation in Barcelona, Spain, he went into Reed’s purse without her knowledge and took out her birth control pills after the couple had discussed having kids at dinner with friends.Nikki (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP), 3 mg/0.02 mg is available in a wallet (NDC 68180-886-11) packed in a pouch (NDC 68180-886-11). Such three pouches are packaged in a carton …Adult actor Nikki Benz has filed a lawsuit against porn company Brazzers, its parent company Mindgeek, porn producer Tony T and performer Ramon Nomar. ... People scatter rose petals on a statue of ...Nikki birth control . Hi please help I just got prescribed Nikki birth control and I’ve heard so many bad things. I know everyone’s experience is different but can someone tell me their real experiences and if good things came out of it. I have really irregular periods and so I wanted birth control as a contraceptive and also to regulate my ... Buy Nikki (Generic Yaz) Birth Control Online, Get Free Delivery - Nurx™. Nikki (Generic Yaz) $ 20 per month ($0 with insurance) ☆☆☆☆☆. 4.8 | 25063 reviews. Add to Cart. Please note that Nikki is supplied in a 3-month supply, and, for payments without insurance, will be charged at checkout. House Speaker Mike Johnson’s Long Crusade Against Birth Control. The new speaker has been fighting to block access to birth control — both inside and outside of Congress. By Tessa Stuart ...March 24, 2024, 11:00 AM UTC. By Lawrence Hurley. WASHINGTON — Vaccines, birth control pills, hormone therapies and fertility drugs would be subject to new litigation if …Essure is a type of permanent birth control that was manufactured by Conceptus, which was purchased by Bayer Healthcare in 2013. Essure has allegedly been linked to serious adverse health effects ...Because of the liposuction involved in the fat transfer, you could end up with a flatter tummy, smaller love handles, and naturally enhanced breasts. There are almost no scars—during the fat transfer procedure, the fat is injected into your breasts through very tiny incisions. These tiny incisions leave virtually no scarring, which only ...Canadians have launched class-action lawsuits against Bayer Inc., the maker of birth control drugs Yaz and Yasmin, alleging the pills have caused serious health problems. Health Canada approved ...This week, scientists from Washington and California started a phase-two clinical trial for a topical birth control gel for men. The lack of contraception options for men is a majo...May 25, 2017. By: Irvin Jackson. 55 Comments. A California woman indicates that side effects of the Depo-Provera birth control shot caused her to develop pseudotumor cerebri (PTC); a condition ...TikTok is making way for new fan communities that are growing independent of decades-old websites, but legal troubles remain constant. Netflix filed a lawsuit Early last year, the ...Side Effects. Nausea, vomiting, headache, bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of the ankles /feet (fluid retention), or weight change may occur. Vaginal bleeding between periods (spotting) or ...Lots of young women take birth control and correlation does not equal causation. That being said, I see so much anecdotal evidence that birth control can cause/trigger/whatever AGA in young women. My best friend uses Nuvaring and her hair barbie doll perfect hair is thinning. I can't help but wonder if it's the birth control. Anyway, maybe one ...Oct 30, 2023 · House Speaker Mike Johnson’s Long Crusade Against Birth Control. The new speaker has been fighting to block access to birth control — both inside and outside of Congress. By Tessa Stuart ... An intrauterine device is a type of long-lasting birth control which is designed to be implanted directly into the uterus. There are only three hormonal IUDs currently available on the U.S. market: Skyla, Liletta, and Mirena. Mirena is a little larger than a quarter. It is a t-shaped and is made of flexible plastic.Aug 15, 2012 · Bayer has resolved more than 1,900 Yasmin/Yaz/Beyaz lawsuits alleging the birth control pills caused blood clots that can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Bayer announced it has paid $402.6 million in settlements so far, for an average payout of about $212,000 per case. The company apparently expects to settle even more lawsuits, because it ... Common Lawsuits Against Birth Control Pills 1. Birth Control Caused Blood Clots. Birth control is used to control unwanted pregnancies. The pills are taken every day, at the same time of day, and they contain hormones. Typically, the hormones in these pills consist of estrogen and progestin in synthetic form.January 17, 2020. The Supreme Court just announced that it will hear yet another case about the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) birth control coverage requirement. If you are experiencing déjà vu, you are not alone. Court battles over the birth control coverage requirement have been raging for almost a decade. How did we get here?Nov 29, 2023 · Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. What Is Nikki? Nikki is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone. The Insider Trading Activity of Krishnamurthy Nikki on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks More about Yaz ( drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol ) Ratings & Reviews. Nikki has an average rating of 4.5 out of 10 from a total of 256 ratings on Drugs.com. 31% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 52% reported a negative effect. Yaz has an average rating of 5.9 out of 10 from a total of 988 ratings on Drugs.com. 45% of reviewers ... Despite lawsuits and FDA warning letters, neither Bayer nor the FDA have recalled the Mirena IUD. It remains a popular choice. Most medical professionals also continue to stand by IUDs as an effective form of birth control. But women who experience Mirena complications may want to consult an attorney to learn more about their legal options.Loryna has an average rating of 5.1 out of 10 from a total of 199 ratings on Drugs.com. 38% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 44% reported a negative effect. Nikki has an average rating of 4.5 out of 10 from a total of 256 ratings on Drugs.com. 31% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 52% reported a negative effect.Talk to your pharmacy and see if they can help you make a complaint to the manufacturer as well, because this is not okay. In the future make sure you read the pamphlet fully before taking new medication, but it sounds like that might not have helped you much in this case unless you were paying close attention to the colors mentioned.Because of the liposuction involved in the fat transfer, you could end up with a flatter tummy, smaller love handles, and naturally enhanced breasts. There are almost no scars—during the fat transfer procedure, the fat is injected into your breasts through very tiny incisions. These tiny incisions leave virtually no scarring, which only ...
This week, scientists from Washington and California started a phase-two clinical trial for a topical birth control gel for men. The lack of contraception options for men is a majo.... Bandg prestige jamaican restaurant
During the interview, Somerhalder, 38, claimed that he actually threw away Reed’s birth control pills. The couple first agreed to start a family while on vacation in Barcelona, Spain this past year.Talk to your pharmacy and see if they can help you make a complaint to the manufacturer as well, because this is not okay. In the future make sure you read the pamphlet fully before taking new medication, but it sounds like that might not have helped you much in this case unless you were paying close attention to the colors mentioned.Birth Control Lawsuit Seeks Damages For Unplanned Pregnancies. November 12, 2015 12:15 PM ET. By . Bill Chappell More than 100 women across the U.S. have filed a lawsuit against a drug company ...This is worse than a campaign “pivot.”. In last month’s Republican presidential primary debate, amid the back and forth over exactly when or how to ban abortion in the U.S., former South ...Postpartum recovery can be a challenging time for new mothers. The body goes through numerous changes during pregnancy, and it takes time for it to return to its pre-pregnancy stat...Adult actor Nikki Benz has filed a lawsuit against porn company Brazzers, its parent company Mindgeek, porn producer Tony T and performer Ramon Nomar. ... People scatter rose petals on a statue of ...In March 2014, Bayer had successfully negotiated resolutions for in excess of 8,000 Yaz birth control lawsuits, at an estimated cumulative cost of nearly $1.7 billion. In 2016, the aggregate settlements extended by Bayer had risen to a significant $2.04 billion, representing reparation for over 10,000 cases linked to Yaz and associated blood ...Yaz Lawsuits - Yaz Birth Control Side Effects and Legal Information. Yaz is a oral contraceptive or birth control pill containing drosperinone and ethinyl estradiol which is also approved to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and acne. Yaz and other birth control agents containing drosperinone have been linked to a higher than normal ...The Insider Trading Activity of Krishnamurthy Nikki on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks Depo-Provera is an injectable form of birth control that contains medroxyprogesterone, a synthetic formulation of the hormone progestin. The medication, administered as a shot deep in the muscle tissue, works for approximately 12 to 14 weeks. After this time, patients must receive another injection to maintain its effectiveness. Condition: Birth Control. Overall rating 2.3. Effectiveness. Ease of Use. Satisfaction. During the first week of using this type of ocp , I had very bad nausea but resolved within 3-5 days. After, I noticed my sex drive went from 10-0 real quick I was very uninterested & I couldn’t lube my ownself.Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination is used to prevent pregnancy. It is a birth control pill that contains two types of hormones, ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone, and when taken properly, prevents pregnancy. It works by stopping a woman's egg from fully developing each month.Basically, I had breakthrough bleeding that lasted 3 weeks, cramps for 10 days, a super heavy period (on my week off), super bad nausea, and I’m pretty sure I had a migraine or cluster headaches that lasted 3 weeks.Both Yaz and Nikki also contain 24 active pills, as opposed to the more commonly seen 21 active pill regimens. The extra 3 days of active pills are thought to help reduce premenstrual symptoms. Contraindications. Birth control should not be used in women who have: Blood clotting disorders or history of blood clots; Coronary artery diseaseI started Nikki last November for PMDD. Pros: it has helped with my overall mood and migraines or less intense. Cons: I have gained over 20 pounds. I experienced intense cravings for sweets I never had before, but I had gastric sleeve so I can’t eat much anyway. I eat maybe 800 calories per day.Trump's administration issued a long-rumored, revised birth control mandate that could deny birth control to hundreds of thousands of women. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receiv...When it came time to start a family with his wife Nikki Reed, Ian Somerhalder didn’t think twice about it. “ [He] threw out all my birth control pills!” the “Twilight” star told Dr ...The Mirena IUD (Intra-Uterine Device) was introduced by Bayer in 2000, as a long-acting form of birth control that is inserted into the uterus to disrupt the egg and sperm. The device also releases the progestin levonorgestrel, which further acts to prevent pregnancy by keeping the woman’s ovaries from releasing eggs..