How to speak like a Jamaican - Learn Jamaican Patois: Counting 20-1,000,000 in Jamaican Patois.3 Jamaican Patois 3.1 Description of the Language Jamaican Patois (or Jamaican Creole) is an English-based creole spoken by over 3 million inhabitants on the island and by Jamaicans across the diaspora globally (Mair,2003). Jamaican Patois resulted from contact between enslaved Africans brought to the island in the 17th century and British ...Look up the French to English translation of patois in the PONS online dictionary. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function.English Translation of "पतवार" | The official Collins Hindi-English Dictionary online. Over 100,000 English translations of Hindi words and phrases.Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.19. 2. English Translation. We. Definition. "I and I" is the representation of One Love, which means that because we (I and I) are the same, we should love one another like we love our own self. Example Sentences. Patois: I and I plant the corn. English: We plant the corn.Give Patois its rightful place in the classroom - Jamaica Gleaner 10 Jamaican Patois Words That Originate From Africa - Jamaicans.com 'Lef Mi Nuh', 20 Common Jamaican Patois Sentences You Should Say To Sound Like A Local - Jamaicans.com Use Patwa to teach English | Letters - Jamaica Gleaner1. (boorish) a. uncouth. Quisiera que aprendieras buenos modales y dejaras de ser tan patán. I wish you'd learn some good manners and stop being so uncouth. masculine noun. 2. (colloquial) (coarse man) a. lout.English Translation s**t Cloth More » Kaka. Feces. Excrement . More » Raashole. Derogatory term for a person of ill repute. More » Kaka faat. Slang term used as an expression of extreme surprise (incredulous) More » View All . Featured Articles. Jamaican Patois 101: How to Say "Sorry" Like a Jamaican ...Download & use Google Translate. You can translate text, handwriting, photos, and speech in over 100 languages with the Google Translate app. You can also use Translate on the web. To translate text, speech, and websites in more than 100 languages, go to Google Translate page.Browse Love Patois words and view their definitions, pronunciations, and alternative spellings on JamaicanPatwah.com. ... English Translation beautiful / looks good More » boonoonoonoos. something nice, or a special person (e.g. sweetheart) More » View All . Featured Articles ...Jamaican Patois, also known as Patwa, Creole, Jamaican Creole or Jamaican slang is a language primarily spoken in Jamaica and among the Jamaican diaspora. It's much more than just "broken English," as some may describe it. Jamaican Patois is an English-based Creole language with West African influences. It combines elements from colonial ...Here we will talk about what you can do to learn patwa for free and it will be a good experience for you. To learn Jamaican patwa you need to have an understanding of where it comes from and what influences it. With that in mind here is how you will learn patwa. You should go to the website and watch a few of the beginning videos on patwa.Browse Jamaican Expressions Patois words and view their definitions, pronunciations, and alternative spellings on JamaicanPatwah.com.You’re here because you’ve heard Jamaican Patwa either through friends, through Jamaican music, or through traveling to Jamaica and interacting with the locals… AND you liked how it sounds. So I’ve decided to create this guide of some common English phrases translated to Jamaican patwa so you can learn a little piece of the language.Upon completion of the Pathway to English and Academic Culture (all EAP classes), you will have met the English Language requirements to apply to one of our hands-on, career focused programs, such as: Business Administration; Computer Information Technology; Culinary …The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Granmadda Grandmother. Mi ah guh make yuh happy I'll make you happy. Nuh panic Don't panic. Mi believe yuh I believe you.With this patois translator/patwa translator you will be able to learn Jamaican phrases by translating phrase such as how are you or hello and in due time you will be able to create your own jamaica pharses. By using this tool for sometime you will be able to speak like a jamaican. Currently the best english to jamaican patois translator ...Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. RTL Z. Netherlands. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal ...Learn how to speak Jamaican patios/patwa by learning basic "Introductions" in patois/ patwa in our video series "Speak Jamaican Patois".The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Let mi inna de house Let me in the house. Mi starvin I'm starving. Yuh sad Jamaica’s official language is English, but we also speak Jamaican or Patois (or Patwa) - a colorful, descriptive and emphatic creole dialect that has been shaped by our African, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and English colonial heritage. A beautiful symbol of our resilience, patois is the crafting of the expressions of a people, forced into ... This book is written by Emilie L Adams and is a guide that provides an overview of the English language as spoken in Jamaica. Jamaican Patois Online Dictionary. An online dictionary that provides a variety of words and phrases translated from Jamaican Patois to English with examples. Anguillian Language 101The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Granmadda Grandmother. Mi ah guh make yuh happy I'll make you happy. Nuh panic Don't panic. Mi believe yuh I believe you.Dirty. Definition. A term used to describe something that is wild, raunchy, or explicit, often referring to explicit lyrics or dance moves in dancehall music. Example Sentences. Patois: Di DJ drop some dutty lyrics dat mash up di place. English: The DJ plays some dirty lyrics that rock the place. posted by anonymous on August 11, 2023.The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Mi nuh like schul I don't like school. Did guh Went. Mi miss yuh I miss you. Mi nuh know wah yuh mean I don't know what you mean.Climbing to Good English and Pathway Readers and Workbooks are all this and more! Now you can guide your child through the maze of the English language without feeling trapped yourself. Climbing to Good English and Pathway Readers are simple enough to be used by people for whom English is a second language yet challenging enough to keep …3) Choose your EC school. Choose your EC school in Vancouver, Toronto or Montreal and start your programme, the first step into getting language qualification to Higher Education. Although University Pathway academic programme is not available at EC Montreal, most partners accept the General English programme certificate as entry requirement. Mi nuh know wah yuh mean. I don't know what you mean. Jamaicanize is a free Jamaican Patois translator to translate English to Jamaican Patwah. Learn Jamaican patois words and phrases like, Party. Jamaican Creole English. Read JNT Listen to JNT. Download The Bible App Now. Bible Versions. Jamaican Creole English. Read JNT Listen to JNT. The Jamaican New Testament (Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment) This translation, published by the Bible Society of the West Indies, was published in 2012.3 Jamaican Patois 3.1 Description of the Language Jamaican Patois (or Jamaican Creole) is an English-based creole spoken by over 3 million inhabitants on the island and by Jamaicans across the diaspora globally (Mair,2003). Jamaican Patois resulted from contact between enslaved Africans brought to the island in the 17th century and British ...The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Nuh wury, everythin will be alrite Don't worry, everything will be alright. Granfadda Grandfather. English. Spanish. Arabic. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Jamaican Patois, known locally as Patois (Patwa or Patwah) and called Jamaican Creole by linguists, is an English-based creole language with West African influences (a majority of loan words of Akan origin) spoken primarily in Jamaica and the Jamaican diaspora. The language developed in the 17th century, when slaves from West and Central Africa were exposed to, learned and nativized the ...Our Language. Jamaica's official language is English, but we also speak Jamaican or Patois (or Patwa) - a colorful, descriptive and emphatic creole dialect that has been shaped by our African, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and English colonial heritage. A beautiful symbol of our resilience, patois is the crafting of the expressions of a people ...English and Patois—or Patwa, as it's often written—are widely spoken, but the Jamaican mother tongue—passed on primarily by oral tradition—gets much less respect. gv2019 Adolescents benefited from outreach models informed by participatory action research, such as Youth Information Centres (YICs) and "Bashment Bus" ("party bus ...The Rastafarian language is much easier to learn than Jamaican Patois because it is a play on English words, rather than an entirely separate dialect like Jamaican Patois. X Research source The Rastafarian movement, which began in the 1930s in Jamaica, is based on positive beliefs like unity, peace, and one love.4/2/2015 Rasta/Patois Dictionary http://niceup.com/patois.html 1/22 Rasta/Patois Dictionary and Phrases/Proverbs Dictionary Phrases/ProverbsThe University of Otago Foundation Studies Certificate is a university entrance qualification that can be completed within two 13-week semesters and is open to domestic and international students. This is a NZQF Level 4 qualification. The Foundation Studies Certificate is the ideal pathway programme for students who do not meet university ...Many words in English were taken wholesale from French. I remember how once, tongue in cheek, I argued that I could give a number of risque jokes about the nouveau riche at a certain rendezvous! Learning from neighbours. But in Jamaica, the debate continues. It is claimed that if Patwa is given legitimacy, it would hinder the learning of English.Country where Jamaican Patois is spoken. Jamaican Creole, or "Patois" (Jumiekan Kryuol or Jumiekan Patwa), is an English-based creole spoken in Jamaica and the diaspora, and has become a lingua franca in the Bocas del Toro and Limón provinces in Panama and Costa Rica respectively. Although it is not considered an official language due to its …Iyaric words and phrases are a combination of English dialect and Jamaican Patois spoken primarily by Rastafarians. Iyaric is actually much easier to learn than Jamaican Patois because it's mostly a play on English words (e.g. "overstand" for "understand","downpress" for "oppress"," I-ditate" for "meditate" etc…) rather than being an entirely separate dialect as ...Boasy. Definition. To be boastful, arrogant, or excessively proud of oneself. Example Sentences. Patois: Im always a move boasy, but nobody nah rate im. English: He's always acting arrogant, but nobody respects him. Related Words. Hot Steppa , Infahmah , Shot a buss , Gallis , posted by anonymous on July 31, 2023.A collection of useful phrases in Jamaican, an English-based creole with influences from languages of West and Central Africa spoken mainly in Jamaica. Note: there is no standard way of spelling Jamaican, and there are different ways of writing many words. Jump to phrasesUpon completion of the Pathway to English and Academic Culture (all EAP classes), you will have met the English Language requirements to apply to one of our hands-on, career focused programs, such as: Business Administration; Computer Information Technology; Culinary …Jamaicanize is a free Jamaican Patois translator to translate English to Jamaican Patwah. Learn Jamaican patois words and phrases like, .With the Bible being translated into Jamaican patois for the first time, the country is divided between those who want their mother tongue enshrined as a national language and others for whom ...In Jamaica, English reigns supreme on the patios of the privileged while patois Patwa rules the street. Touting itself as an English-speaking polity (the only official language of the country), disregard for Patwa, the first language of many Jamaicans, is virtually built into the official institutions of society.Jamaican (Jimiekn / Patwah) Jamaican is an English-based Creole with influences from languages of West and Central Africa. It developed during the 17th century and includes significant influences from various dialects of English, especially those of Scotland and Ireland. Over 4 million people speak Jamaican, most of whom live in Jamaica.Jamaican Patois, known locally as just Patois, is an English-based creole language spoken primarily in Jamaica. It is the native language of Jamaicans and is spoken by approximately 3.2 million people. Although it is English-based, the Jamaican pronunciation and vocabulary are very different from English despite heavy use of English words.Published: Wednesday | August 31, 2016 | 12:00 AM. THE EDITOR, Sir: I have found that the rationale for teaching English as a second language is built on the intersection of two premises: 1) Patwa is a language; 2) English is not the mother tongue of Jamaicans. To support these premises the main arguments raised are: (1) Linguists …We offer a variety of resources: Free online translation from English into Jamaican Patois and back, English-Jamaican Patois dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, and examples of usage. Jamaican Patwah.This book was written to inform readers that Patois is a written language which can be learned and spoken like any other language. The words and phrases in this book, originated from English, African, and Creole, and can be heard wherever Jamaican natives reside.English - Jamaican Patois Translator. Learn and understand Jamaican Patois. Jamaican Patwah is a free online dictionary that contains patois words, definitions, translations, alternative spellings and examples.This is the second piece in our series Jamaican Patwa Meets Toronto English. In order to understand Jamaican Patwa, we need to understand the history of Jamaica and its population. If we focus exclusively on language and ignore the rich, violent history that infuses this island community, we will fail to understand the complexity and character ...All five havelis are dedicated to the five Patwa brothers. 3. Patwon Ki Haveli was the second haveli to be built in Rajasthan and the first one to be built in Jaisalmer. 4. While the first haveli took the longest to be constructed, the other four were constructed in a span of 50 years. 5. Patwon ki haveli has over 60 balconies in the entire ...Many words in English were taken wholesale from French. I remember how once, tongue in cheek, I argued that I could give a number of risque jokes about the nouveau riche at a certain rendezvous! Learning from neighbours. But in Jamaica, the debate continues. It is claimed that if Patwa is given legitimacy, it would hinder the learning of English.Learn and understand Jamaican Patois. Jamaican Patwah is a free online dictionary that contains patois words, definitions, translations, alternative spellings and examples.International Diploma – available at our centers in Scotland, this study abroad program is equivalent to the second year of a four-year Scottish degree and offers advanced entry to the third year of an undergraduate degree. At selected centers, we also offer study abroad programs that combine an undergraduate pathway with a UK undergraduate ...The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Mi nuh care wah dem say I don't care what they say. Mi trust yuh I trust you. Yuh know who he isNeo Patwa is a pidgin-like international language that is used by people around the world to communicate when they do not share a common language. In the world of today, English is often used as an "auxiliary international language," but it is not ideal for a number of reasons. The sounds are difficult, and the grammar is complicated and irregular.Jul 3, 2020 · Come and learn how to pronounce the latest and most popular Jamaican greetings and expressions PLUS how to use them in a sentence while having fun! SPECIAL N... Breakdown of "Wah Gwaan". The phrase "Wah Gwaan" consist of two Jamaican patois words, "wah" and "gwaan". The English translations are listed below. And you should know, "Wah gwaan" is not just limited to Jamaica. It's a phrase that's used all over the world, especially in Caribbean communities.Synonyms for PATHWAY: path, footpath, trail, track, road, walkway, route, passageway, street, traceThe Rastafarian language is much easier to learn than Jamaican Patois because it is a play on English words, rather than an entirely separate dialect like Jamaican Patois. X Research source The Rastafarian movement, which began in the 1930s in Jamaica, is based on positive beliefs like unity, peace, and one love.Jamaican Proverbs are metaphorical sayings normally based on a truth or on the general experience of humans throughout history. Jamaican Proverbs reflect African and European influences and the purpose of most of these proverbs is to teach about survival. Below is a list of Jamaican proverbs along with their translations into Standard English ...Übersetzung der Definition: „Jamaican Patois, known locally as Patois (Patwa or Patwah) and called Jamaican Creole by linguists, is an English-based creole language with West African influences." → Jamaikanisches Patois, lokal als Patois (Patwa oder Patwah) bekannt und von Linguisten Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch genannt, ist eine auf Englisch ...Number of Entries. acf: 3969. en: 4470. fr: 3179. Last upload: April 10, 2019. Date published: March 11, 2020. search for a word in the Kwéyòl dictionary. To search for a word, type it into the box on the right. To enter accented characters in Kwéyòl you may click on one of the buttons above the search box.Aug 10, 2018 · Jamaican Patwa is one of the most common forms of Caribbean patois, is further classified as a Creole language, with a more typical west African influence. Jamaican Patwa developed during the 17th century, when slaves from west and central Africa were forced to work under English slaveholders. While Patwa is still technically English, the ... Are you visiting Jamaica soon or have Jamaican friends? Do you know how to Speak Jamaican Patois? These 80 Jamaican patois sentences cover most of what you will need to get by on your visit to Jamaica or in conversations with your Jamaican friends. “A fe mi cyar.” Translation: “It’s my car.” “Mi ah guh lef tiday.” Published: Wednesday | August 31, 2016 | 12:00 AM. THE EDITOR, Sir: I have found that the rationale for teaching English as a second language is built on the intersection of two premises: 1) Patwa is a language; 2) English is not the mother tongue of Jamaicans. To support these premises the main arguments raised are: (1) Linguists …Caribe Python is a Natural Language Processing python package newly developed to translate Caribbean Creoles to Standard English. Current and Future translations include: Trinidad English Creole to English. Guyanese English Creole to English. Bahamian English Creole to English (Coming in update 0.9.3) Jamaican Patois to English (under extensive ...Speaking in patois is relegated to informal interactions — conversations with friends and family — while Jamaican Standard English is the country's only official language and used in formal ...Jamaican Patwa is one of the most common forms of Caribbean patois, is further classified as a Creole language, with a more typical west African influence. Jamaican Patwa developed during the 17th century, when slaves from west and central Africa were forced to work under English slaveholders. While Patwa is still technically English, the ...Patwa usage has become threatening not only to their English, as adults so often maintain, but also to adult authority and control, particularly at home and at school. Thus, while Patwa has historically held a relatively powerless position compared to English in the national linguistic economy (BourdieuEnglish, not Patwa, is the language of social mobility and the key to accessing international opportunities. Other Jamaicans simply feel this is an academic preoccupation: The most vocal ...Country where Jamaican Patois is spoken. Jamaican Creole, or "Patois" (Jumiekan Kryuol or Jumiekan Patwa), is an English-based creole spoken in Jamaica and the diaspora, and has become a lingua franca in the Bocas del Toro and Limón provinces in Panama and Costa Rica respectively. Although it is not considered an official language due to its social implications, it is the language used by ...learn ways of saying hello (greeting people) in the Jamaican patois dialect.of both Patwa and Jamaican Standard English. e claim that Patwa is a develop-ment of English disrega rds t he strong intui tion among these native-s peaker lin-English Translation of "PATOIS" | The official Collins French-English Dictionary online. Over 100,000 English translations of French words and phrases.Contextual translation of "patawa ka" into English. Human translations with examples: you,, pangit, patawa, jokeness, patawa ka !!!, to make liza happy.PATOIS definition: 1. the form of a language spoken by people in a particular area that is different from the standard…. Learn more. Translations from dictionary English - Trinidadian Creole English, definitions, grammar. In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Trinidadian Creole English coming from various sources. The translations are sorted from the most common to the less popular. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or ... Patois refers to any regional or social dialect of a language that is not the standard or official language in a particular area. It often encompasses vernacular forms of speech that may include unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. In the Caribbean, especially in Jamaica, patois commonly refers to the English-based Creole languages ...Jan 29, 2024 · Visit our book store to learn more about the Jamaican language and culture. We offer a variety of resources: Language Guides. Puzzles. Journal Notebooks. SHOP NOW. Free Lessons, Courses and Quizzes on learning How to speak Jamaican Patois. English is the official language of Dominica and is universally spoken and understood. In addition, Dominican Creole, an Antillean Creole based on French, is widely spoken. This is due to French migration to the island starting in 1690. A majority French Creole speaking population reside on the island. ... Kwéyòl, known locally as Patwa, ...
After it was known that Jamaican natives failed interviews that were conducted in patois, the writer decided that it was time to awaken Patois. This book was written to inform readers that Patois is a written language which can be learned and spoken like any other language. The words and phrases in this book, originated from English, African, and Creole, and can be heard wherever Jamaican .... Pan nuestro diario
This is an english based creole langauge or some may even call it a slang. Why use a Jamacian translator? With this patois translator/patwa translator you will be able to learn Jamaican phrases by translating phrase such as how are you or hello and in due time you will be able to create your own jamaica pharses. 00:00. Mek mi tell unuh bout mi likkel bwoy; im luv kaan. Let me tell you about my little boy; he loves corn. //mek mi tel ʹʊnuː bɑʊt mi ʹlɪkəl bwaɪ/ɪm lʊv kaːn//. The pronoun unuh is second person plural. As you know, in Standard English we do not have a seperate form for the second person singular and plural, we just have you. With this patois translator/patwa translator you will be able to learn Jamaican phrases by translating phrase such as how are you or hello and in due time you will be able to create your own jamaica pharses. By using this tool for sometime you will be able to speak like a jamaican. Currently the best english to jamaican patois translator ...This 213-page English-to-Patois translator and thesaurus is the only book of its kind, serving both foreigners and locals with new and old Jamaican terms. Click on "Learn More" to see a sample. Page · Book. [email protected] ng mabigat na parusa. imposed a heavy punishment. pinatawan ng parusa. had a punishment imposed on someone. pinapatawan ng parusa. is having punishment imposed on one. Pinatawan sila ng parusa. A punishment was meted out to them. = They were punished.I’m starting a new series to teach you jamaican patwa, jamaican slang or however you want to call it. There are about 900 popular english phrases and i’ve gone ahead and translated them to Jamaican Patwa. Stay tuned for more and be sure to share and comment if you liked this post or found it useful. A few – Wah likkle bitHowever, greeting a Jamaican in Jamaican Patois will usually make your conversation a lot smoother. " Wah gwaan „. English Translation: What's going on or What's up. Definition Pronounced as "waa gwaan", the literal translation is "what's going on" but when used as a greeting, it can also mean "What's up". Different ...If you’re planning to explore Jamaica anytime soon, it might be a good idea to brush up on your Patois. Jamaican Patois or as we refer to it here “Patwa,” is an English-based language used by people of the island. It’s not uncommon to pass two friends having a conversation about their day, or someone ordering in a restaurant and hear ...Jamaican Creole English. Read JNT Listen to JNT. Download The Bible App Now. Bible Versions. Jamaican Creole English. Read JNT Listen to JNT. The Jamaican New Testament (Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment) This translation, published by the Bible Society of the West Indies, was published in 2012.Jamaican Patwah Translator is a free app that contains patois words, definitions, translations and examples. - Works offline. - Fast access and immediate translation. - Translate English to Jamaican Patois. - Translate Jamaican Patois to English. - Audio Pronunciations by native speaker.Saint Lucian Creole (Kwéyòl / Patwa) Saint Lucian Creole is a French-based creole spoken in Saint Lucia in the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. In 2001 there were about 160,000 speakers. Saint Lucian Creole is a variety of Antillean Creole, a French-based creole with elements from Carb and African languages, which is spoken in Martinique ...Definition This word is associated with the Rastafarian culture and refers to the oppressive forces of society, often used as a synonym of the government or the police. Example Sentences (Patois) Waah Babylon bwoy a cum. (English) A police man is coming. By familiarizing yourself with these Jamaican patois words and phrases, you will be better ...Apr 10, 2019 · Number of Entries. acf: 3969. en: 4470. fr: 3179. Last upload: April 10, 2019. Date published: March 11, 2020. search for a word in the Kwéyòl dictionary. To search for a word, type it into the box on the right. To enter accented characters in Kwéyòl you may click on one of the buttons above the search box. We have a more holistic approach in teaching you to Speak and Write Jamaican. Our language online courses comprise of video lessons, modules, learning materials, quizzes and even project work that ensure easy and efficiently learning the Jamaican language. Learn all about local language of Jamaica, from funny quips to idioms about love with ...The first step to understanding and learning Jamaican Patois is seeing a list of Jamaican Patois phrases and their English translations. The following is a list of popular Jamaican Patois to get you started. Nuh panic Don't panic. Mi love yuh I love you. Weh yuh Where are you. Nuh move Do not move. Mi have timeOver the last 90 years or so, Jamaican 'patwa'has gradually become a legitimate, even respectable language. ... English, with parents who received teachers' college education during colonial times and insisted on standard English in the home, assuming that "Patois would come naturally". But though the language (variously called Patois ...English Translation. Feeling good. Definition. A state of well-being or contentment. Example Sentences. Patois: Di vibes a di reggae concert did irie. English: The vibes at the reggae concert were feeling good. posted by anonymous on June 20, 2023. 2.The Original Jamaican Patois; Words, Phrases and Short Stories - Laxleyval Sagasta 2021-07-22 Patois, patwah, patwa or whichever other way it is spelt, is a dialect, a mixture of a least four different languages, mainly English, French, Spanish and Dutch. It is the(de facto) national language of Jamaica, sometimes referred to as Jamaican English..